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Categorical

Syllogisms

A syllogism takes two statements, called premises, and from them draws a conclusion in the form of another statement. A syllogism is said to either valid or invalid. It is valid if the conclusion can be shown to be certainly true if both premises are true. If the conclusion is false or can not be determinted then the syllogism is invalid. The two premises are call the "major" and "minor" premises.

The standard form of a valid syllogism is:

If  [the major premise] is true
and [the minor premise] is true,
then [the conclusion] is also true. ("then" is also commonly read "therefore")

It is common to simply write the three statements in a column, with a line between the minor premise and the conclusion and omit the connecting logic. This practice is often a major source of confusion. Reading the entire format as given helps most learners, and helps prevent others from making elementary mistakes.

If all three statements are simple statements then the syllogism is said to be categorical. If the major premise is a conditional statement (If ... then ...) the syllogism is said to be hypothetical.

 

 

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